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QRZ! Ham Radio 4
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QRZ Ham Radio Callsign Database - Volume 4.iso
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TNC2MDM7.TXT
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1988-07-15
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APPENDIX G
USE OF TUNING INDICATOR TO CENTER FILTER WITH IF SHIFT
The tuning indicator can be used to aid in centering the
radio filter passband over the modem Fc. The modem and
tuning indicator must first be properly aligned according to
the procedure already presented.
The Phase Locked Loop (PLL) in the demodulator attempts to
track the spectral components of the noise it sees on its
input. If that noise has been bandlimited by a filter whose
bandwidth is nearly the same as the PLL tracking range, the
loop is largely successful in tracking the noise. In doing
so, the loop control voltage, which is the signal used by
the tuning indicator, takes on values which are centered
over the value which would be required to lock the loop to
the mean frequency of the noise coming through the filter.
Since the tuning indicator can't tell whether it was signal
or noise that generated the loop control voltages, it
gleefully (and correctly) indicates the frequency error
between the mean noise frequency and the demodulator Fc.
When the indicator is centered, the error is zero.
NOTE! To make use of this property of the demodulator and
tuning indicator, there must be ABSOLUTELY NO
coherent signals in the filter passband. The
setting will not be correct unless it is based
entirely on noise. If tuning the receiver
frequency shows up as motion in the tuning
indicator display, there is a coherent signal in
the passband (even if you can't hear it!).
To center the filter over the modem with the IF shift control:
1. Find a frequency which has plenty of noise but is free
of coherent signals. Before I realized that the noise
bridge could be helpful for this, I used the CW end of
80 meters during the daytime hours when propagation is
shut down. If you have a noise bridge available, by all
means use it as a source of noise for making this
adjustment. Tune the receiver frequency back and forth
to be sure that there really are NO coherent signals
there. If there are, the tuning indicator will respond
to receiver tuning.
2. Use the IF Shift control to move the filter apparent
center frequency around. Observe that the tuning
indicator follows the movement of the filtered audio
spectrum.
NOTE! If the tuning indicator stays all the way to one
side or fails to respond to the IF Shift control
movement, something is wrong. Either the modem
center frequency is far outside the adjustment
range of the IF Shift control or there is not
enough noise coming through the filter for the
demodulator to track.
Set the IF Shift control so that the tuning indicator is
centered. The tuning indicator bar will appear quite
jittery when responding to noise but this is normal.
Use the center of the jitter area for the adjustment.
3. If you are using a modem with a DCD threshold control,
this adjustment can be made a little more precise. Now
that the tuning indicator is centered, adjust the DCD
threshold control so that the DCD falsing rate is
approximately 20 percent. Then SLOWLY and CAREFULLY
move the IF Shift control back and forth to find the
place where DCD duty cycle is maximized. This is the
best position for the IF Shift control.
4. To keep from having to repeat this exercise, a small
pencil mark can be placed on the radio panel to indicate
the correct setting of the IF Shift control for use with
the modem.
This completes the alignment of the IF Shift control for
centering the radio's narrow filter over the modem's center
frequency.